Operation Lifeline Sudan (OLS) is a consortium of UN agencies (mainly UNICEF and the World Food Programme)[1] and approximately 35 NGOs (Non-governmental organizations) operating in southern Sudan to provide humanitarian assistance throughout war-torn and drought-afflicted regions in the South. Operation Lifeline Sudan was established in April 1989 in response to a devastating famine and the effects of a long-term civil war, as a result of negotiations between the UN, the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) to deliver humanitarian assistance to all civilians in need, regardless of their location or political affiliation.[1] This includes over 100,000 returnees from Itang in 1991.[2]